Effect of Power factor in Transformer

Transformer is always rated in KVA (Kilo Volt Amps) not KW, why? Because transformer design doesn't depend on power factor. We know that Power can be divided in two fraction viz Active Power and Reactive Power. We also call it as wattfull and wattless components. 
Apparent Power square = Active power square + Reactive power square.
Active power is the power which we can use for transformation in to different form of energy/power like mechanical energy. Whereas we can't utilize the  reactive power which is only loss. we generate Apparent power and out of that we can utilize the active component only not the reactive component. 
Active power = Current.Voltage.(Load power factor); load power factor is the active component i.e Cosine of Angle between Current and voltage.
Whereas 
Reactive power = current.voltage.(sine of angle between current and voltage). This component leads to only loss and unit is KVAr.
This power factor depends upon the type of load like inductive or capacitance load, better we can say legging or leading load/power factor.
Our target is always to maintain zero angle between the current and voltage or unity power factor.
So design of Transformer doesn't depend on the power factor, it can be used for variable power factor. Designer mainly concentrate on the Iron loss and copper loss of Transformer. Transformer can be used for both inductive as well as Capacitive Load. So it can be used for any power factor.
That is why Transformer ratings are always given KVA as the Iron loss depends upon Voltage and Copper loss depends on Current, not on power factor which is variable. 
So transformer can be used for both type of load Legging as well as Leading. And hence Transformer is effect-less for Power factor. 

Birinchi Narayan Boruah: Neutral & Perfect Neutral

Birinchi Narayan Boruah says about: Neutral & Perfect Neutral

Neutral & Perfect Neutral

What is neutral? 
Neutral is the returning path of any electrical circuit. We all know that in any single phase circuit there is two ends: Phase and Neutral. Through phase supply flows to the electrical equipment or circuit and it ends in the other out end of the equipment or circuit. Until unless we connect the Neutral to the end, circuit is not complete. That means current will flow upto that end but equipment wont function. Once we connect the end terminal of the circuit to the neutral, circuit gets completed and hence equipment start functioning.


What is Perfect Neutral?
If the neutral is grounded or connected to earth that neutral is called Perfect Neutral.

For more details mail me at: "birinchi87@gmail.com"

Extra High Voltage Transmission Line

ABSTRACT

Power system is the fencing of the entire electrical power network in the whole world. It consists of generation, transmission and distribution. Power system is the primary part in the electrical power system from where electrical energy is generated. Power station is responsible only for generation of the power. Electrical energy is transmitted through national grid from the power station to different substation and then to the consumers with various designs of transmission lines.

Transmission lines are of two types: Underground cables and Overhead transmission lines. Generally, transmission lines are the main components come after generation in the electrical power system. For the smooth operation and efficient transmission of the power, many factors are to be considered for the transmission line design. Design of inter connecting transmission line deals with frequency, phases, voltage and also diameter, area of cross-section, length, resistance, inductance, capacitance etc.

Here in this project will be made to design a transmission line using C-language because C-language has many advantages over other computer languages. It is one of the most versatile and powerful computer language ever developed and easy to understand.

Turbo Alternator

Introduction:

An alternator is an electromechanical device that converts mechanical energy to alternating current electrical energy.

In principle, any AC electrical generator can be called an alternator. Generally large alternators in power stations which are driven by steam turbines are called turbo-alternators.

TYPES ON THE BASIS OF CONSTRUCTION:

1. Salient Pole Type: Hydro Generators

2. Non Salient Type: Turbo Alternator

APPLICATIONS:

Turbo alternators are high speed alternators among all other alternators ever developed and are

used in all thermal power stations e.g., gas power stations, steam power stations, nuclear power

stations etc. Their generating ranges are from 30MW-1000MW depends upon capacity

requirement.

Turbo Alternator:

These are the high speed machines among all other alternators which are driven by steam turbines and gas

turbines. They have maximum speed of 3000 rpm. They can generate up to 1000MW.